Infections of the middle ear (otitis media) are usually caused by bacterial infections resulting from blocked drainage tubes (Eustachian tubes). Large adenoids (lymph glands on the back of the throat above the palate) are sometimes the culprit. Using a decongestant (pseudoephedrine) at the onset of a cold or allergy can prevent infections. Bacterial infections require antibiotics and drainage - usually with a decongestant. Occasionally tubes must be placed through the eardrum to allow drainage when the Eustachian tubes are not functioning well. Ear canal infections (otitis externa or "swimmer’s ear") are caused by trauma to the ear canal (usually by fingernails or Q-tips) or exposure to toxic chemicals and/or germs. Treatment involves ear drops and occasionally antibiotics (especially in diabetics). Placing a drop of "sweet oil" or olive oil in the ear canal after swimming can often prevent recurrent cases of swimmer’s ear.

October 22, 1999